Harrison’s Rheumatology, Second Edition

McG aw-Hi ll 2010 ISBN: 0071741437 368 pages PDF 11,3 MB


Rheumatology–with all the authority of HARRISON’S
A Doody’s Core Title for 2011!


Featuring the chapters on rheumatology that appear in Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 17e, this compact clinical companion delivers the latest knowledge in the field, backed the scientific rigor and reliability that have defined Harrison’s. Inside you’ll find coverage that reflects the expertise of renowned editors and contributors–presented in a carry-anywhere format that makes it ideal for the classroom, the wards, or exam/certification preparation.



Features:
Current, thorough coverage of need-to-know immunology and rheumatology topics, including the immune system in health and disease, disorders of immune-mediated injuries, and disorders of the joints and adjacent tissues




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Classification of Medically Important Viruses

The classification of viruses is based on chemical and morphologic criteria.

The two major components of the virus used in classification are:
(1) The nucleic acid (its molecular weight and structure)
(2) The capsid (its size and symmetry and whether it is enveloped)

DNA viruses
(a) Noneveloped icosahedral virus families:
- Parvoviruses
- Papovaviruses
- Adenoviruses

(b) Enveloped virus families:
- Hepadnaviruses (Enveloped icosahedral viruses)
- Herpesviruses (Enveloped icosahedral viruses)
- Poxviruses (Enveloped complex viruses)


Parvoviruses

Envelope present: No
Capsid symmetry: Icosahedral
Particle size (nm): 22
DNA MW (x10^6): 2
DNA structure: Single-stranded, linear
Medically important viruses:
(i) B19 virus


Papovaviruses

Envelope present: No
Capsid symmetry: Icosahedral
Particle size (nm): 55
DNA MW (x10^6): 3-5
DNA structure: Double-stranded, circular, supercoiled
Medically important viruses:
(i) Papillomavirus


Adenoviruses

Envelope present: No
Capsid symmetry: Icosahedral
Particle size (nm): 75
DNA MW (x10^6): 23
DNA structure: Double-stranded, linear
Medically important viruses:
(i) Adenovirus


Hepadnaviruses

Envelope present: Yes
Capsid symmetry: Icosahedral
Particle size (nm): 42
DNA MW (x10^6): 1.5
DNA structure: Double-stranded, incomplete circular
Medically important viruses:
(i) Hepatitis B virus




Herpesviruses

Envelope present: Yes
Capsid symmetry: Icosahedral
Particle size (nm): 100 (neocapsid; but the envelope varies in size; the entire virus can be as large as 200 nm in diameter)
DNA MW (x10^6): 100-150
DNA structure: Double-stranded, linear
Medically important viruses:
(i) Herpes simplex virus
(ii) Varicella-zoster virus
(iii) Cytomegalovirus
(iv) Epstein-Barr virus


Poxviruses

Envelope present: Yes
Capsid symmetry: Complex
Particle size (nm): 250x400
DNA MW (x10^6): 125-185 
DNA structure: Double-stranded, linear
Medically important viruses:
(i) Smallpox virus
(ii) Vaccinia virus


RNA viruses
(a) Noneveloped icosahedral virus families:
- Picornaviruses
- Caliciviruses
- Reoviruses

(b) Enveloped virus families:
- Flaviviruses (Enveloped icosahedral viruses)
- Togaviruses (Enveloped icosahedral viruses)
- Retroviruses (Enveloped icosahedral viruses)
- Orthomyxoviruses (Enveloped helical viruses)
- Paramyxoviruses (Enveloped helical viruses)
- Rhabdoviruses (Enveloped helical viruses)
- Filoviruses (Enveloped helical viruses)
- Coronaviruses (Enveloped helical viruses)
- Arenaviruses (Enveloped helical viruses)
- Bunyaviruses (Enveloped helical viruses)
- Deltaviruses (Enveloped uncertain viruses)


Picornaviruses

Envelope present: No
Capsid symmetry: Icosahedral
Particle size (nm): 28
RNA MW (x10^6): 2.5
RNA structure: Single-stranded, linear, nonsegmented, positive polarity
Medically important viruses:
(i) Poliovirus
(ii) Rhinovirus
(iii) Hepatitis A virus


Caliciviruses

Envelope present: No
Capsid symmetry: Icosahedral
Particle size (nm): 38
RNA MW (x10^6): 2.7
RNA structure: Single-stranded, linear, nonsegmented, positive polarity
Medically important viruses:
(i) Norwalkvirus
(ii) Hepatitis E virus




Reoviruses

Envelope present: No
Capsid symmetry: Icosahedral
Particle size (nm): 75
RNA MW (x10^6): 15
RNA structure: Double-stranded, linear, 10 segments
Medically important viruses:
(i) Rotavirus


Flaviviruses

Envelope present: Yes
Capsid symmetry: Icosahedral
Particle size (nm): 45
RNA MW (x10^6): 4
RNA structure: Single-stranded, linear, nonsegmented, positive polarity
Medically important viruses:
(i) Yellow fever virus
(ii) Dengue virus
(iii) West Nile virus
(iv) Hepatitis C virus




Togaviruses

Envelope present: Yes
Capsid symmetry: Icosahedral
Particle size (nm): 60
RNA MW (x10^6): 4
RNA structure: Single-stranded, linear, nonsegmented, positive polarity
Medically important viruses:
(i) Rubella virus


Retroviruses

Envelope present: Yes
Capsid symmetry: Icosahedral
Particle size (nm): 100
RNA MW (x10^6): 7 (Contains 2 identical molecules of MW 3.5x10^6)
RNA structure: Single-stranded, linear, 2 segments, positive polarity
Medically important viruses:
(i) HIV
(ii) T-cell leukemia virus




Orthomyxoviruses

Envelope present: Yes
Capsid symmetry: Helical
Particle size (nm): 80-120
RNA MW (x10^6): 4
RNA structure: Single-stranded, linear, 8 segments, negative polarity
Medically important viruses:
(i) Influenza virus


Paramyxoviruses

Envelope present: Yes
Capsid symmetry: Helical
Particle size (nm): 150
RNA MW (x10^6): 6
RNA structure: Single-stranded, linear, nonsegmented, negative polarity
Medically important viruses:
(i) Measles virus
(ii) Mumps virus
(iii) Respiratory syncytial virus


Rhabdoviruses

Envelope present: Yes
Capsid symmetry: Helical
Particle size (nm): 75x180
RNA MW (x10^6): 4
RNA structure: Single-stranded, linear, nonsegmented, negative polarity
Medically important viruses:
(i) Rabies virus




Filoviruses

Envelope present: Yes
Capsid symmetry: Helical
Particle size (nm): 80 (Particles' wide; but can be thousands of nanometers long)
RNA MW (x10^6): 4
RNA structure: Single-stranded, linear, nonsegmented, negative polarity
Medically important viruses:
(i) Ebola virus
(ii) Marburg virus


Coronaviruses

Envelope present: Yes
Capsid symmetry: Helical
Particle size (nm): 100
RNA MW (x10^6): 10
RNA structure: Single-stranded, linear, nonsegmented, positive polarity
Medically important viruses:
(i) Coronavirus




Arenaviruses

Envelope present: Yes
Capsid symmetry: Helical
Particle size (nm): 80-130
RNA MW (x10^6): 5
RNA structure: Single-stranded, circular, 2 segments with cohesive ends, negative polarity
Medically important viruses:
(i) Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus


Bunyaviruses

Envelope present: Yes
Capsid symmetry: Helical
Particle size (nm): 100
RNA MW (x10^6): 5
RNA structure: Single-stranded, circular, 3 segments with cohesive ends, negative polarity
Medically important viruses:
(i) California encephalitis virus
(ii) Hantavirus


Deltaviruses

Envelope present: Yes
Capsid symmetry: Uncertain (The nucleocapsid appears spherical but its symmetry is unknown)
Particle size (nm): 0.5
RNA MW (x10^6): 5
RNA structure: Single-stranded, circular, closed circle, negative polarity
Medically important viruses:
(i) Hepatitis delta virus